| Advice : |
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the use of unmodified ( soluble, regular ) human insulin before each
meal, and human NPH insulin in combination unless : |
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- multiple injection therapy is not wanted by the person with diabetes
- flexibility of life-style is not important
- insulin secretory capacity is high ( honeymoon period )
- insulin analogue therapy is indicated ( see below )
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the use of pen systems for insulin delivery |
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the use of the abdominal wall for meal-time injections, and the thigh for
extended-acting insulin; advise also rotation of sites within these areas |
Enable the person with diabetes to : |
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handle the injection device proficiently and confidently, including
re-suspension of NPH crystals, insulin storage, and disposal |
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self-monitor accurately and easily at appropriate times |
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place insulin consistently into deep subcutaneous tissue, usually by
means of a lifted skin flap with the injection device at a 45º angle |
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prevent, recognize and manage hypoglycaemia |
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understand the absorption characteristics of the two insulin preparations
used, and changes of insulin requirement with meal size and physical activity, thus
allowing them to learn insulin dose self-adjustment |
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access the diabetes professional team freely for advice |
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manage sickness and travel successfully |
